Word: cholesterol
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Significantly, they eat little or no hard, or "saturated," fat.* They also eat little of the foods that contain much cholesterol, such as egg yolks, shellfish and organ meats. On the basis of early research, scientists assumed that the cholesterol found in mushy, atheromatous deposits in diseased coronary arteries came from the cholesterol consumed in foodstuffs. They had to abandon this simplistic view as soon as they realized that the human body manufactures cholesterol from several raw materials, notably the hard animal fats...
...that the Cleveland test proved was that the U.S. food industry has no difficulty in preparing such foods, and can certainly do so at a profit, provided there is sufficient consumer demand. It also proved that the diet was effective in lowering the men's blood levels of cholesterol-generally accepted as an index of potential damage to coronary arteries and therefore of the risk of heart attacks...
Among the most intensively studied Americans are the townsfolk of Framingham, Mass., where 6,500 men and women out of a population of 45,000 have had their blood pressure, cholesterol levels, weight and smoking habits checked for a dozen years against their development of heart disease and their incidence of heart attacks. The Framingham results to date, says Dr. William B. Kannel, indicate that a man with high blood cholesterol has almost three times the average risk of a heart attack. More alarming, if one man is exposed to two threefold risk factors-a heavy smoker with high blood...
Regardless of the degree of saturation in his fat intake, every man is a highly complicated metabolic factory. His system stashes away some cholesterol in the tissues. It makes more cholesterol in the liver. It combines cholesterol and other fatty substances with proteins in two major forms, alpha and beta lipoproteins, so that they can circulate in the watery medium of the blood. A change in the ratio of the alpha and beta types may encourage the development of artery disease through the deposit of atheromatous (mushy, fatty) plaques in the narrow vessels. Further complicating the picture is a class...
...salmon, Benson suggests, may eventually provide researchers with clues to methods for lessening the ravages of aging and with new knowledge of arteriosclerosis, which is caused at least in part by high concentrations of cholesterol in the bloodstream. In the ocean, the salmon has from five to ten times as much cholesterol in its bloodstream as a human can tolerate. "If we find out how the salmon manages to survive with this much cholesterol," says Benson, "perhaps we can help humans survive also...