Word: cholos
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...step for the young Cambodians to take. "You land in a gang neighborhood, it might seem natural to form a militia to defend yourself," explains Steve Valdivia, director of Los Angeles County's Community Youth Gang Services Project. Nearly all the state's street gangs started out copying Hispanic "cholo" (lowlife) styles. Scholars trace Hispanic gangs back to the 1920s, when Roman Catholic parishes organized social clubs for children who felt unwelcome at white high school dances. Despite drive-by shootings and drug trafficking, the gangs were tolerated as a "community" issue for half a century. Explains former teen gangster...
...general also has a significant civilian power base among Panama's nonwhite majority. It stems from his image as the protector of la revolucion, the shift in political power led by Omar Torrijos Herrera, who seized control of the military in a coup 21 years ago. A cholo (a Spanish-American Indian), Torrijos gave fellow cholos, blacks, Chinese and other nonwhites new influence, both within the military and in the government. This broke the traditional monopoly held by the country's wealthy class of European descendants...
...Carmen took an even more radical view. Rather than discovering a parallel setting, the director simply created one, reveling in the anachronism. The gypsy girls, now prostitutes, conducted their business in the back seats of cars, and the bullfighters in the final act made their entrance in motley cholo low riders. So far, so shocking -- but only if one believes that Carmen is about the working conditions in Spanish cigarette factories, instead of sexual obsession, violence and death. In fact Pountney did not go far enough. Micaela -- a character not found in Merimee's gritty original novella -- was her conventional...
...Mexico in the Senate. As for use of contraceptives, the Mexican people are not only "Catholic inspired," but also hampered by poverty and lack of information. "Tawdry taco joints" are everywhere in Southern California. The comment about "ebullient oles and accurately hurled wine bottles" stretches literary license. The word cholo is pejorative and equivalent to "nigger," "kike" and other racial epithets. Pocho is also derogatory, and so are pachuco, gringo-landia, and agringado...
...frying tortillas. The machine-gun patter of slang Spanish is counterpointed by the bellow of lurid hot-rods driven by tattooed pachucos. The occasional appearance of a neatly turned-out Agringado (a Mexican-American who has adapted to Anglo styles) clashes incongruously with the weathered-leather look of the cholo (newly arrived, often wetback Mexican laborer). To the barrio dwellers, the rest of the world is Gringolandia. Few venture forth except to attend the fights at Olympic Auditorium, where their ebullient olés and accurately hurled wine bottles give much needed support to Mexican club fighters with more guts...