Word: chouet
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Chouet is not the only researcher who's using the orbital high ground to study the volcanic underground. In Alaska, USGS researchers have placed satellite receivers at different points on the sloping side of the Augustine volcano and tuned them also to the gps. Like any volcanic mountain, Augustine is swelling slightly as it fills with magma. The degree of this deformation--as calculated by the gps--can help determine the imminence of the eruption. Elsewhere, scientists are leasing time on European or Japanese satellites to take photos of volcanic peaks as they undergo a seismic event like an earthquake...
...Tilling's colleagues, geophysicist Bernard Chouet, believes he may have found an answer to this dilemma. Prior to many large-scale eruptions, he says, seismometers have picked up tremors that appear to be caused, not by the fracturing of rock, but by low-frequency waves that resonate through the magma itself. While their origin remains a mystery, these vibrations may result from small surges of gas and molten rock. Large numbers of such signals preceded Mount St. Helens' 1980 blast. They also appeared before the unexpected explosion of Mexico's El Chichon in 1982, the blowup of Colombia's Nevado...
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