Word: chronic
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...controversial VA study was made from 1972 through 1974 and dealt only with a narrowly defined group of patients: those with chronic angina (viselike chest pain) whose conditions had remained stable for six months before their participation in the study. Patients with the most severe forms of coronary-artery disease or other disorders were deliberately excluded. Of the 596 VA patients studied, 310 were treated with medication alone, while 286 had bypass operations. The study's conclusions: medically treated patients had a three-year survival rate of 87%; those who underwent surgery only 88%. That minuscule difference caused distress...
Still, when the shouting finally died down, the VA investigators and their critics were closer to agreement than they admitted. Both emphasized the proper selection of patients. The surgeons conceded that most patients with chronic but stable angina (probably indicating only one blocked coronary artery) do not need a costly bypass. Most also agreed that for victims of the severest disease, characterized by a blockage in the left main coronary artery (a condition that Effler aptly calls "the widow-maker"), surgery is all but mandatory. The same is true for patients with progressive or uncontrollable angina who have...
...prepared food and beverages, where the unsuspecting consumer might not know it was an ingredient, but it would be sold as an over-the-counter drug in containers warning that it could cause cancer"). He cannot fathom American Puritanism but admires the national trait of altruism. He cherishes our chronic forgetfulness and blithering unawareness of history (talkshow gabber to ex-Premier Cao Ky of South Viet Nam, who now runs a liquor store in California: "We still have a minute left. Could you tell us what went wrong...
...paramedics and the founding of rural health centers have nearly eradicated cholera, plague and other diseases that for centuries had periodically ravaged the population. Similar efforts are now under way in Mozambique. The Marxist Frelimo regime has set up free health clinics in many villages for combating such chronic problems as malnutrition, malaria and tuberculosis...
State-owned enterprises have already been warned that the government will no longer subsidize chronic losses. Early this year, 26 private companies jointly promised to begin new projects totaling $15 million - admittedly a small sum but the first major investment by Tanzanian businessmen in a decade. The government has even been encouraging Western capital, something that might be viewed as a violation of Nyerere's cardinal principle that socialism equals self-reliance. But as the President ruefully explains: "There is a time for planting and a time for harvesting. I am afraid for us it is still a time...