Word: chumakov
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Economy Model. Moscow's Professor Mikhail Petrovich Chumakov tried this material on 30,000 children. He was delighted with its simplicity. His staff had to put only one droplet in a teaspoonful of syrup, and the kids swallowed it-thus cutting out the need for hypodermic needles, which are expensive and can be dangerous. Then there was the economy: one-hundredth of the injection dose. Perhaps most important: live virus taken by mouth multiplies in the digestive tract, quickly triggers development of antibodies and protects the whole system. The Russians argue that the killed form, injected into the bloodstream...
...Chumakov began brewing Sabin-type vaccine at the Institute for the Study of Poliomyelitis, a rambling frame building among the railroad yards on Moscow's outskirts. Last week he was readying the world's biggest test of live polio vaccine, had 300 liters on ice-enough for 10 million people. No small operators, Chumakov and colleagues dreamed of immunizing all the Soviet Union's 200 million people regardless of age (600 million doses, since vaccine for one strain of each of polio's three main virus types is given in separate swigs, a month apart). Satellite...
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