Word: churches
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Dates: during 1870-1879
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These schools correspond nearly to what are called in America common schools. Children there learn the elements of education necessary to every man, in whatever condition of life. Reading, writing, a little notion of French grammar, of arithmetic, French history, and geography, of church history and religion, - such are the elements of the instruction. Every commune must have its schools, - one for boys and one for girls, but generally entirely distinct. Mixed schools are very rare in France, while with you young men and girls to the age of fourteen or fifteen, and sometimes older, go to the same school...
...eleventh century is famous as having been the time of two men, of whom the one was conqueror of England, and the other was savior of the Church. Duke William is popularly believed to have had the qualities of a strategist and of a statesman, in addition to rare ability in conducting a pitched fight. Hildebrand is universally admitted to have been the ideal of an ecclesiastical hero: he had one purpose directing all the actions of his life, which was to make the Papal Church the supreme principality; he laid his plots deep, and was quick to seize every...
...recent lecture Professor Adams declared that the real conqueror of England was Hildebrand. England stood in the way of his cherished plan of bringing the German Empire into subjection to the Church. Her Archbishop of Canterbury even accepted his pall from the anti-pope favored by the Emperor. Therefore Hildebrand deliberately planned the conquest of the island. At the proper time he both protected his Norman tools in front, by excommunicating Harold, and guarded their rear by satisfactory assurances that the French should not aggress upon their native territory. His gain was to be twofold; the favor conferred would bind...
Finally, did not William's treatment of the Church after the conquest show an independence of priestly influence from which it can fairly be inferred that Hildebrand no more made use of the ambition of the Norman to promote the interest of the Papacy than William made use of the ambition of the priest to promote his own interest...
...council is differently constituted, the church element being now represented as well as the laity. Nevertheless, the system itself has undergone no essential change since the year 1808, when Napoleon I. instituted it. Now that we have become acquainted with the organization of the University, and the relation to it of the different branches of public instruction, let us examine the instruction itself, which, as you know, divides itself into three departments, - primary, secondary, and superior instruction. In my next letter I shall speak of the first degree of instruction, - the Primary schools...