Word: churches
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...position: "Whatever one's religion in his private life may be," said he in answer to a Look reporter's question, "for the officeholder, nothing takes precedence over his oath to uphold the Constitution and all its parts-including the First Amendment and the strict separation of church and state." The Catholic press across the U.S. charged Kennedy with taking a "religious test" for public office, raising an issue where none exists on division of church and state...
This paradoxical relationship between faith and doubt is a keystone of Tillich's theology. From it he derives what he calls "the Protestant Principle," the necessity of challenging the claim to pure, "unbroken" truth by any institution or church, including Protestantism itself, or even by Scripture. From it he derives his all-important distinction between religious "heteronomy," which is imposed upon the individual, and religious "autonomy," in which the individual continually seeks and hopes to find. The situation of doubt, says Tillich, is "existential"-that is, inevitably part of the predicament in which man leads his human existence...
...says, "absolutely transformed me." First there was the impact of the "lower classes," with whom he was dealing for the first time; he began to think about their exploitation at the hands of the powers he had taken for granted-the landed aristocracy, the army and the church. "But the real transformation happened at the Battle of Champagne in 1915. A night attack came, and all night long I moved among the wounded and dying as they were brought in-many of them my close friends. All that horrible, long night I walked along the rows of dying...
...Scriptural "fullness of time" in which the eternal could penetrate the temporal order. Their prescription for the world was "Religious Socialism." Without a religious foundation, they insisted, "no planned society could avoid its eventual destruction." Not surprisingly, such highflown talk had little appeal either for practical politicians or practical church men. "If the Social Democrats had accepted us," muses Tillich wistfully today, "or if the churches had put their influence behind our movement rather than at tempting to retrieve the old traditional orthodoxy, perhaps Hitler would not have come to power...
...nationalism. Or he may try to bury his anxieties in a "heteronomous" religion that offers him readymade certitudes for his uncertainties. In either case, says Tillich, the individual commits idolatry. Against such idolatry, Tillich asserts the Protestant Principle, which considers it presumptuous of any "conditional" institution, such as church or state, to pose as spokesman for the "unconditional," i.e., God. According to the Protestant Principle, as he expounds it, every Yes must be coupled with a corresponding No, and the Protestant Principle "does not accept any truth of faith as ultimate, except the one that no man possesses...