Word: churches
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...years before that, Pope Pius IX had fled when Mazzini and his revolutionists seized control of Rome. In Pacelli's childhood the world outside the Vatican seethed with anticlericalism and glowed with humanist confidence in the ever onwardness and upwardness of history. Today the papacy and the Catholic Church are immensely stronger. Part of the story is told in numbers: during Pius XII's reign, Catholics throughout the world grew from 388,402,610 to 496,512,000 despite attrition in Iron Curtain countries. The church's strengthened spiritual posture was marked by the fact that under...
...much by temperament (for he was gentle, cautious and diolomatic) as by the force of the times. He was the first Pope to use a telephone regularly, the first to use a typewriter (a white portable). He strongly suggested that nuns' garb be modernized, liberalized many church rules. But he was an innovator also in far more significant works, which he performed in defense of Christianity against ideological dangers. In a long career (one of his first assignments as a young diplomat was to help represent the Vatican at Queen Victoria's funeral) he saw these dangers...
...doing so he was the first Pope in history to make such public exercise of the 1870 dogma of papal infallibility). In 1950 in the encyclical Humani Generis he cracked down hard on Catholic teachers, priests and philosophers whose speculations might carry them away from the dogmas of -the church and the formal system of thought laid down by St. Thomas Aquinas. ¶ NATIONALISM. Pope Pius laid claim once more to the church's status as the supranational community, nourishing the shallow roots of secular internationalism ("The Church is a mother - Sancta Mater Ecclesia-a true mother, mother...
...preoccupation with the world at large and with his diplomat's tendency to avoid sharp edges, Pope Pius often neglected the Vatican itself. He seemed to shrink from making much-needed appointments to the central machinery of the church. Result, at the time of his death: 15 vacancies in a superannuated College of Cardinals, no Secretary of State, no governor for Vatican City, no camerlengo (see The Succession). Said one of his closest advisers sadly last week: "He provided badly for his successor...
Gregory Peter XV Cardinal Agagianian, 63, Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenians, an Oriental rite communion of the Roman Catholic Church with headquarters near Beirut. Generally considered one of the best brains in the church, Agagianian was appointed by Pope Pius XII to succeed the late Cardinal Stritch as chief of all Catholic missions, is the church's top expert on the Mideast and Communism. His Russian-Armenian origin, which militates against his choice, in another respect weighs in his favor: his election would greatly impress Russians and other Eastern peoples...