Word: churches
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Avril's takeover occurred a week after about 20 men armed with machetes, handguns and steel pikes attacked a church during a Mass being said by the Rev. Jean Bertrand Aristide, a vocal critic of the military government. Thirteen people were killed and 77 wounded. Opposition leaders blamed Namphy's government for the attack and another church burning two days later...
...preferred successor, Archbishop Giovanni Battista Montini, was ineligible for the papacy because he was not a Cardinal. As a stopgap, the Cardinal-electors turned to the apparently innocuous Angelo Giuseppi Roncalli, 76. Roncalli, of course, became Pope John XXIII, whose Vatican Council set in motion epochal reforms in the church. But Montini, who was made a Cardinal by John, finally got his turn after John died in 1963, and it was his dogged bureaucratic talents, as Pope Paul VI, that made the sweeping new policies stick. Thus, writes Wilton Wynn, "the old Cardinals locked up in each successive conclave chose...
...encyclical Humanae Vitae, Pope Paul VI strongly reaffirmed his church's traditional opposition to artificial means of birth control. That authoritative teaching left Roman Catholic couples with only two ways to limit the size of their families: 1) use the morally acceptable rhythm method, which was then so unreliable as to justify the sobriquet "Roman roulette"; or 2) follow their consciences rather than papal counsel and adopt such forbidden means of contraception as diaphragms, condoms or the Pill -- which millions...
Twenty years later, the Vatican's support for Humanae Vitae is as strong as ever, but with a twist. The church has now become the world's most active proponent of natural family planning, a more effective version of the old unreliable rhythm method. A new department has been set up within the Curia, the Vatican's bureaucracy, to promote birth regulation. In Rome, Gemelli Hospital houses a twelve-year-old N.F.P. clinic run by a Catholic university and headed by a nun. Since it opened, the clinic has taught N.F.P. methods to 1,660 couples, and claims that...
...Catholic Church teaches that no outside agent, be it pill, diaphragm or condom, can be used to prevent conception, which is the "natural" end of sexual intercourse. But a couple may licitly refrain from conjugal relations during a woman's fertile period, which usually lasts ten to twelve days during each menstrual cycle. The improved way of precisely determining those days is known as the ovulation method, or Billings mucus method, which was introduced by and named for an Australian Catholic couple in the 1970s. Using it, a woman carefully monitors changes in her cervical mucus to determine when...