Word: cinchona
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Dates: during 1920-1929
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...Dutch monopoly is important because 95% of the cinchona bark from which quinine is refined comes from Java and other oriental Dutch cinchona tree plantations. The British have small plantations in India. The northern Andes, particularly in Ecuador, where the trees are native, now produce little of the bark. The Indians, who must chop their paths through jungles to reach the isolated cinchona groves, find the labor too hard for profit. Consequently the Dutch have been able to regulate the world cinchona bark and quinine trade very much as they pleased...