Word: cinchona
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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During the war, Dr. Kevorkian was a government agricultural advisor to Ecuador, where he was in charge of experimental stations developing rubber, cinchona, insecticidal plants and fibrous growths. From 1943 to 1946, he served as director in Nicaragua of the co-operative agriculture experiment station involving the U. S. State Department. He also served with the Office of Foreign Agricultural Relations in Washington...
...practical Hollanders exploited the archipelago as one vast plantation, funneling its pepper, coffee, rubber, tin, oil and cinchona bark into world trade instead of their own, less voracious home market. They neither westernized nor Christianized the old (mainly Mohammedan) cultures. They did not get around to abolishing slavery until just before the U.S. did, gave the Indonesians no voice in government until this century...
...Woodward-Doering process is not a synthesis. It is a method of extracting quinidine (hitherto derived chiefly from a variety of the cinchona tree, growing only in Java) from quinine itself. Since widely used atabrine has largely displaced quinine in the treatment of malaria, part of the stockpile of quinine can thus be turned to good use by converting it to the scarcer drug...
...Coming across" has been the leitmotiv of the Somoza regime. Cattlemen pay through import-&-export levies, marketing and slaughtering licenses. Gold-mine operators pay through special "taxes." Those who deal in mahogany, cinchona bark, milk, hides, tallow, cement and liquor pay in devious but nonetheless painful ways. Nicaraguans quip about an alphabetical list of Somoza rackets running from A to Z; they say that X stands for rackets unknown to the public...
...Totaquine, like quinine, is made from cinchona bark, but fewer bark components are discarded. What little comes from South American cinchona trees serves as a wartime substitute for quinine...