Word: cinchona
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Europeans use vacuum distillation to strip the flavor ingredients and vitamins from butter. Their vitamin concentrates are reported free from all taste, stable and suitable for mixture with foods. They also sublime hormones from urine, soap stock from fish, caffeine from coffee, quinine from cinchona bark...
...most important division in the anti-pest laboratory is that of Moths & Flies. From outsiders with anti-moth ideas it is already being flooded with more telephone calls and mail than its staff members have time to answer. Most commercial moth repellents are fluorine compounds or cinchona alkaloids of the quinine family. At the Du Pont laboratory, experiments have been carried on with these and scores of other chemicals. What they hope to find eventually is a moth-killer which will impregnate a fabric like dye, will not be removed by washing or dry-cleaning. Moths eat almost any animal...
...which quinine is derived, cured their malaria. They told their lore to a friendly magistrate, Juan Lopez Canizares, when in 1630 he developed the disease. He passed the information to Countess of Chinchon, wife of Peru's then viceroy, when she fell victim. It was after her that the cinchona tree and its quinine derivatives was named...
...Dutch transplanted cinchona trees to Java in 1854, now produce about 95% of the world's quinine. The British, from transplants to India, produce most of the rest. The Soviets, to economize on quinine, forbid its use as an appetizer, abortifacient or anything but a malaria antidote...
...Dutch monopoly is important because 95% of the cinchona bark from which quinine is refined comes from Java and other oriental Dutch cinchona tree plantations. The British have small plantations in India. The northern Andes, particularly in Ecuador, where the trees are native, now produce little of the bark. The Indians, who must chop their paths through jungles to reach the isolated cinchona groves, find the labor too hard for profit. Consequently the Dutch have been able to regulate the world cinchona bark and quinine trade very much as they pleased...