Word: cinema
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...masterly Swedish auteur Ingmar Bergman, who found both humor and despair in the human psyche, redefined cinema worldwide. He was 89. (See Arts for an Appreciation of Bergman by Woody Allen...
...good quarter century - beginning with his burst into world movie prominence in the '50s and extending until his official "retirement" after making Fanny and Alexander in 1982 - Bergman defined serious cinema. He earned consecutive Academy Awards for best foreign film in 1961 (The Virgin Spring) and 1962 (Through a Glass Darkly), another in 1984 (Fanny and Alexander). Three times, he was Oscar-nominated for best director (Cries and Whispers, Face to Face, Fanny and Alexander); five times, as author of the best original screenplay (Wild Strawberries, Through a Glass Darkly, Cries and Whispers, Autumn Sonata and Fanny). The Academy also...
...English, French, Swedish. In 1960 Simon & Schuster published a book of four of his screenplays (Smiles of a Summer Night, The Seventh Seal, Wild Strawberries, The Magician). For a generation of budding cinephiles, that settled it. Film was literature. Movies were art. And Bergman was the Shakespeare of the cinema...
...Besides, in the decade before his international success, the cinema offered a busy young man with a seductive intensity something he couldn't readily get from theater: money. "I was very poor at the time, you know," he said. "I already had a lot of children and a lot of women, and money had to be paid out. A good deal of my filmmaking in earlier days came from lack of money." The movies' greatest "woman's director" was also a great lover and careless discarder of women. Rumor had it that the seven lead actresses in his 1964 comedy...
...Bergman's reputation grew, so did those of his on-screen company. He exported his actors (notably von Sydow) and actresses (Ullmann, Bibi and Harriet, Ingrid Thulin, Olin) to be glamorous staples of European art cinema and the occasional American film. But though Bergman was frequently financed by U.S. companies, he never went Hollywood; his only English-language movie, The Touch (with Elliott Gould and Bibi Andersson), was filmed in Europe...