Word: cistercian
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...century by St. Honorat. Five hundred monks were massacred in 782 by Saracen pirates, who frequently conducted raids until a fortified monastery jutting out into the sea was built in 1073. Both island and monastery changed hands numerous times before they were turned over to the current order of Cistercian monks...
...powerful, diffuse movement. It revolved obsessively around the issue of Catalan independence. It embraced politics, social theory, poetry, architecture. It was both progressive and intensely nostalgic. It believed in the future; it also drew its confidence from invoking the vanished era of the Catalan counts, the troubadours, the Cistercian monasteries...
...inevitably proved premature. The first Christians thought he would return to earth within their lifetime. As the Goths decimated imperial legions in the 4th century, St. Ambrose of Milan saw the Antichrist among the pagan invaders and proclaimed that the end of the world was nigh. A 12th century Cistercian abbot, Joachim of Flora, was quite precise: the Age of the Spirit, which he saw as the culmination of human history, would begin between A.D. 1200 and 1260. William Miller, the Baptist layman who founded the Adventist movement in America, was sure that the Second Coming would take place...