Word: citadel
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Dates: during 1890-1899
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Mycenae, the citadel of Agamemnon, and the other strongholds of the Argive Plain, which all belong to the heroic times sung by Homer, had already fallen into ruin in the historical period. The traveller Pausanias visited them in the second century, A. D., and his description might well have been written in the first half of the present century, so exactly does it describe their condition before Schliemann and the Greek Archaelogical Society began their excavations. Today one may pass through the great gateways into the courts and halls of the palaces that were seats of royal residence...
Professor Dorpfeld, with the aid of many pictures, first described Tiryns-its mighty walls and galleries; its richly adorned palace, which recalls the descriptions of Homer; and finally the destruction of the citadel. Passing to Mycenae, he carried his audience through the well-known gate of the Lions to the graves of its ancient kings, and described the marvellous treasure found there by Schliemann, and then mounting to the summit of the citadel gave a brief account of the royal palace. He next described the bee-hive tombs, outside the citadel, whose massive proportions rouse the wonder of the modern...
...third lecture last night in the lecture room of the Fogg Art Museum was the Acropolis of Athens. A beautiful picture of the Acropolis was thrown on the screen before the lecture began, which transported the audience in imagination to Athens, and brought before their eyes the celebrated citadel of Pallas Athena. Professor Dorpfeld, in his opening words, designated this famous spot as the place where still we get the truest conception of the surpassing beauty of Greek art. Other pictures of the Acropolis were shown, with explanatory comment on its monuments and history...
...lecturer then undertook a periegesis of the citadel, with the aid of a plan and many pictures, and described in detail its defences, gateways, and temples,- the Parthenon, built by Pericles; the old temple of Athena, which Dr. Dorpfeld himself discovered and named; and finally the Erechtheum, that most beautiful of the buildings of ancient Athens. The well-known Porch of the Maidens, or Caryatids, he believes to have been the approach to the grave of Cecrops...
...Acropolis has had an eventful history. It was first a citadel, the royal residence of the early kings of Athens and of the same age with Tiryns, Mycenx and Troy. Remains of Cyclopean walls are yet to be seen. The palace of the kings was destroyed, and a temple of Athena was built at the centre of the plateau; but the Acropolis was still a citadel, and was probably, in the sixth century B. C., the seat of residence of the Tyrants. It was captured and destroyed by the Persians; but was rebuilt by Pericles in the fifth century...