Word: citizenship
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...most works protected by the First Amendment. But it did suggest that distasteful purveying of borderline works or selling to minors may well be legitimate criminal offenses if legislation is drawn with proper narrowness. On individual rights, the court found that a U.S. citizen cannot be deprived of his citizenship for voting in another country's election...
Under a law passed in 1940, Polish-born Painter Beys Afroyim forfeited his U.S. citizenship by voting in a 1951 Israeli election. Not so, argued Afroyim all the way up to the Supreme Court. Last week the court upheld him-and thereby made it possible, in effect, for Americans to hold dual citizenship...
Until recently, Americans could lose citizenship for anything from treason to revolution to serving in a foreign army or government. In 1963, on procedural grounds, the Supreme Court threw out a provision withdrawing citizenship from those who flee the country in wartime to escape the draft. In 1964 it exempted naturalized Americans who return to their native countries for three or more years...
...thus taking the rare step of overruling itself and voiding an act of Congress in the same decision. "Our Constitution," wrote Justice Hugo Black, "limits the Government to those powers specifically granted or those that are necessary and proper to carry out the specifically granted ones." The 14th Amendment "citizenship clause" says only that all native-born or naturalized Americans are U.S. citizens-period. "The Government is without power to rob a citizen of his citizenship," ruled Black. Therefore, even if an American joins the North Viet Nam army, he apparently retains U.S. citizenship-unless he specifically and voluntarily renounces...
...Roman Catholic parochial school was regarded as something of a necessary evil. Thanks to a decline in the number of nun teachers and a rapid growth of Catholic schools, laymen now constitute one-third of the parochial teaching force-and they are no longer content to accept second-class citizenship. In the past six weeks, teacher walkouts have hit three Chicago high schools, while last-minute negotiations narrowly averted similar strikes in New York City and Philadelphia. In the Los Angeles suburb of Mission Hills, 32 male lay teachers of Alemany High School recently negotiated their first written contract with...