Word: citizenships
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...time of Black Pride, Black Power and slogans like "Black Is Beautiful." "Black" became more than a racial characterization; it was an assertion of social and political self-definition. The terms colored and Negro, in common use as late as 1967, were cast off as labels of second-class citizenship...
Shamir sparked the fire storm by promising to amend Israel's Law of Return, which grants automatic citizenship to any Jew. Shamir professes little personal interest in the details of Jewish conversion; his courtship of the religious parties simply reflects his determination to control the government...
...discussed for ages by Jews of all sects. An authoritative determination by the religious right that would indeed assert the "unworthiness of non-orthodox beliefs" affects most American Jews directly, both by denying the validity of their faith and failing to grant the privileges of automatic entry, residence and citizenship to their converts. The territorial conflict is a matter of internal Israeli politics whose resolution only directly affects citizens of Israel. Certainly all who love Israel want the speediest and best solution. But it is naive to think there is an easy solution, and presumptuous to believe Israelis...
...issue of "who is a Jew," organizations representing more than 90 percent of American Reform, Conservative and Orthodox Jews have publicly condemned the attempt to redefine criteria for Israeli citizenship...
...States into "self-financing" republics, fiscally independent of Moscow and empowered to manage their natural resources. Language is another concern: last month the Estonian supreme soviet issued a draft law declaring Estonian the official language of the republic. Plans are also being discussed to introduce a form of Estonian citizenship as a step toward controlling immigration...