Word: citric
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...first to go into volume production for the retail market two years later. Today, Sunkist's processing business nets more than $36 million a year from juices and frozen concentrates. Even the waste is used to make such citrus byproducts as citrus pectins, citric acid and lemon oils. Florida grows more oranges, but California and Arizona have the lemon business practically to themselves. Sunkist grows 82% of the nation's total, is converting poorer-grade orange orchards to lemons by grafting lemon branches on full-grown orange trees. Though oranges are still the biggest part...
...delving into a still more important cycle, by which products of sugar and fatty acids are broken down into a group of chemicals including pyruvic acid. This acid is oxidized or "burned" to form a go-between chemical now known as acetyl coenzyme A. Other acids, notably citric, are formed in a series of changes until the cycle begins to repeat itself with the introduction of another molecule of acetyl coenzyme A. In Krebs's citric-acid cycle or "wheel of fortune" reactions, energy is released to body cells. Now, Dr. Krebs believes, the same basic principles...
Spirit of '76. Like many another drug producer, Pfizer has been completely transformed by antibiotics. The 102-year-old company, founded by German immigrants, was a small but successful chemical producer specializing in making citric acid by fermentation. When, in 1941, the Government asked Pfizer, Merck & Co., and E. R. Squibb to try to mass-produce penicillin, Pfizer was right at home; penicillin could be made only by fermentation. But the process was slow because the mold, which needs air to exist, was being grown only on the surface of a chemical broth at the recovery rate...
...them had been addicted, for months or years, to lemon-sucking-or to an early morning drink of lemon juice and water. Some patients' teeth were worn down to the gums. Mayo's experts decided that their tooth enamel must have been eaten away by the citric acid in lemons...
...sheets was far from being a newcomer to the chemical field. Started by two German chemists, Charles Pfizer and his brother-in-law Charles Erhart, in 1849, the company soon got a reputation for producing high quality chemicals. But it was still small in 1923, when it began producing citric acid by a new process, the vegetative fermentation of sugar. Up till then citric acid, the most widely used organic acid in the food and beverage field, was produced chiefly in Europe from lemon and lime juice. With its new process, Pfizer broke the foreign monopoly...