Word: citrus
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...move also bolsters Pepsi's position in the fast-growing market for citrus drinks. Pepsi scored an instant hit last year, when it introduced Slice, a lemon-lime soda containing 10% real fruit juice. Designed to appeal to health-conscious sippers, Slice had 1985 sales of about $400 million. Pepsi unveiled a new mandarin-orange version of Slice last week, but Coke countered with an announcement of its own. In February, Coke's Minute Maid division will market lemon-lime and orange soft drinks containing fruit juice and try to take a slice out of Slice's sales...
...rise; sales have grown from 10 million lbs. in 1975 to 110 million lbs. a year now. Even so, that accounts for only 4% of 2.3 billion lbs. of pasta eaten annually in this country. The tariff increase reflects U.S. resentment at the protective duty Europeans maintain on citrus imports from this country. This higher tariff means that consumers will pay 10% to 15% more than the current 70 cents to $1.10 per lb. of imported pasta. According to Max Busetti of the National Pasta Association, in Arlington, Va., it is the principle that counts. "Naturally, the Italians are incensed...
...paid $4.9 billion for Nabisco, and two weeks ago Philip Morris won General Foods for $5.7 billion. Analysts say that companies are eager to buy established brand names because developing and promoting new products have become increasingly risky. Even Procter & Gamble has been disappointed with sales of its new Citrus Hill orange juice and Duncan Hines cookies...
Recycling systems also show promise. Companies in California, for example, found that "pickling acid," which is needed in metal-processing plants to remove scale, could be mixed with zinc sulfate and used as a soil additive in citrus orchards, or mixed with air-filtered dust from scrap-steel plants to permit profitable recovery of zinc-iron compounds. Others have found that spent fluid from the manufacture of semiconductors could be used to refine old crankcase oil, helping to eliminate two disposal problems for the price...
Quotas. No form of protectionism is more effective than outright quotas. Japan strictly limits imports of numerous goods, including leather, beef and citrus fruits. Italy in turn restricts imports of Japanese cars to a mere 2,200 a year, or less than 1% of the Italian market...