Word: civilian
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...first President. As a general in the American Revolution, George Washington approved a military trial for Major John Andre, an enemy spy. But the Revolution's precedents only faintly support Bush's proposed military tribunals. Washington acted years before the Constitution was adopted, and the war had disrupted civilian courts and jailhouses. Justice in a total war on American soil had to be summary...
...first, waging war and even suspending habeas corpus in places. But he then summoned Congress and asked for laws blessing his actions. Congress largely obliged. Lincoln also authorized various military trials, but the 1866 Supreme Court held that citizens not charged with war crimes should be tried in regular civilian courts whenever such courts were open...
...used military courts to try a few Nazi saboteurs found on American soil. But these trials were for violations of the laws of war after Congress had formally declared war. Although Congress has blessed Bush's Afghanistan campaign, it has not formally declared war. This difference may matter to civilian judges down the road...
...usual for the international community once Osama bin Laden and the al-Qaeda network are defeated? On the face of it, a lot has changed since Sept. 11. For starters, the U.S., Russia, Pakistan, India and even China are all on the same side. And despite concerns about civilian casualties, most Muslim countries have supported?or at least not openly opposed?the U.S.-led military operations in Afghanistan. But this unity may be difficult to sustain...
...Will it last? Yes, because a prolonged Afghan war with civilian casualties could foster radicalization. The main task for the country's rulers is to further modernize society and diversify the economy...