Word: civilianized
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Cross estimates that more than five hundred people have died and another one thousand have been injured since the Guard began its comprehensive effort to quell the latest and most signifigant round of opposition activity. The large number of civilian victims underlines Somoza's single-minded drive to retain control over the economy that his family dominates. The Nicaraguan dictator and his family own over a quarter of the Central American country's arable land, and Somoza has scorned considerations of human rights in order to protect his agricultural and industrial wealth. Arguments put forth by American supporters of Somoza...
...immense investment in military hardware has left the Shah open to charges that some of that money - which has helped him hold the allegiance of the military - should have been spent to improve civilian living conditions. Though a booming city, Tehran suffers a severe water shortage. Housing costs have shot up. The drop in oil income in the past three years (because of the fall of the dollar), though only 3%, found Iran financially overextended. As a result, many development projects simply came to a halt. Inflation leaped to 50% a year, profiteering became widespread, and the confluence of troubles...
...self-sufficient, suddenly had to import more than 60% of its food products. Along with imports of food came more than 1 million foreign workers: Pakistani and Filipino truck drivers, Indian engineers, Korean and Japanese workers - to say nothing of the more than 40,000 American military and civilian personnel whose advice and training were needed for the new weapons and industries. But for most Iranians the pattern of life changed slowly, if at all. Most villages still lack piped water, sewers, electricity and doctors...
...Shah has begun to make visible reforms in the political and human rights affairs of the nation. He fired the head of SAVAK, who had been identified with that agency's most notorious terror tactics, freed a number of prisoners, and promised to allow dissidents to be tried in civilian rather than military courts. But some specialists in the region blame those small liberalizing measures for the present turmoil. Says one: "Many Iranians took these changes as a sign that the Shah was weakening and responded with almost total cynicism...
From his headquarters in neighboring Zambia, Joshua Nkomo, co-leader of the Patriotic Front guerrillas, denied that his troops had slain the ten survivors of the crash, but proudly boasted that his men had indeed shot down the plane. Such civilian craft, he claimed, were sometimes used by the Salisbury government for military missions. Rhodesian authorities at first denied that the plane had been shot down, but after four days of investigation confirmed that it had been hit by a heat-seeking missile, presumably an SA-7 of the kind the Soviet Union has been supplying the guerrillas...