Word: civilianized
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Cuban officials insist that both the civilian and military personnel in Africa are volunteers. Maybe so, but a young Cuban faces a formidable battery of social and governmental pressures to answer the call "Comrade Fidel wants you." A Havana resident described how authorities picked volunteers in the small town where a relative lives: "They lined up the young men and asked those who were willing to go to Africa to raise their hands. Anyone who didn't raise his hand was then told to explain why-and he better have a pretty good excuse, like illness or hardship...
...fight. That's exciting, and life here is not exciting. It's also a way to get ahead when you come home. Africa is a ticket out of here and a good return-ticket home, too." Vice President Rodriguez admits that at first Cuba's civilian contingents abroad "looked like a kind of correctional institution, filled with delinquents, undesirables, homosexuals-even Jehovah's Witnesses. That was a distortion of our purpose. Some people falsified their papers or exchanged papers with their comrades so that they could go. Now we can pick and choose carefully, since...
...nuclear policy by placing new emphasis on civil defense, which has been thoroughly neglected since the bomb-shelter days of the 1960s. The President ordered all civil defense preparations brought under a new government body, the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The move would upgrade preparedness to protect the civilian population in a nuclear attack; the Soviets have given high priority to civil defense for quite a while...
...keep the U.S. Army from being sucked into politics. It's bad for Americans to think of military figures in a political way; and now here he was, a general and a political figure. He made a rather impassioned speech about the vital separation of military from civilian in American life. He'd made the mistake, on Jan. 7, of stating he would never run for the presidency unless there was a "clear-cut call to political duty" from the American people, and he shouldn't have used that phrase. What was a clear call? he asked...
...found, was usually equivalent to the full crop, but in some cases it was higher-and peasants were sometimes forced to sell animals, tools, furniture, for cash to make up the difference. Moreover, the peasants were required to feed the army's animals when they marched; and one civilian official said of his peasants, "It's very hard to make them give grain to army horses when I know they're eating straw themselves." In some army units, storehouses bulged with surplus grain-which officers sold for their own profit, and which missionaries and good officials bought...