Word: civilianized
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Hotbeds of liberalism protested or, at least, questioned U.S. tactics of killing in the Persian Gulf War. Students were, at least, jarred by the scenes of civilian casualties in Iraq. People did anything but sit by quietly as the bombs fell...
There are also thousands of civilian detainees, former sympathizers of Mengistu, who are being held without trial in Addis Ababa. The conditions are better than tolerable, and there have been no charges of torture. But few are being released. "We can't deal with them without a new judicial system," Meles explains. He believes that the establishment of courts must take a backseat to political and economic agendas, and offers no apology for the delay...
Beyond that, the Soviets are even more eager than the Democratic Party to switch massive resources from the defense establishment to the civilian economy. Deputy Defense Minister Pavel Grachev told a parliamentary committee last week that the armed forces might be cut almost in half, to 2 million to 2.5 million people, by 1994. His boss, Yevgeni Shaposhnikov, later said firm plans call for mustering out only 700,000 of the present roughly 4 million. But he added that "further cuts are not excluded depending on the military- political situation in the world" -- presumably meaning, in part, what...
...Petersburg will also be a testing ground for the conversion of Soviet factories from military to civilian production, since 70% of the city's industries work on military orders. Though some critics accuse the mayor of cozying up to the military-industrial complex, Chubais argues that the abundance of enterprises producing high-tech equipment such as satellites and communications systems gives the city an edge in attracting foreign capital. But Western firms may be reluctant to make investments in a republic as unstable as Russia. If so, Sobchak's St. Petersburg could be rocked by massive unemployment as Moscow trims...
Primakov, an Arabist and a member of the Academy of Sciences, is the first civilian to head the KGB's spy network. He vows to civilize intelligence gathering and make it "scientific." The days of "people in gray coats standing on corners," he says, will be replaced by a focus on fighting terrorism, the drug traffic and the proliferation of nuclear weapons...