Word: civilianized
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...given that in recent weeks the Israelis have done their part to encourage the start of peace talks. First, in an effort to prevent conflict with Arab members of the anti-Iraq coalition, Israel refrained from retaliating after 39 Scud missile attacks terrorized and even killed members of its civilian population...
...even better if jury awards were paid out of individual officers' pockets instead of by city treasuries. While courts have decided that public employees are not individually liable for most of their actions on the job, taxpayer concern about the rising cost of lawsuits has revived the popularity of civilian review boards. Such panels are at work in 26 of the nation's 50 largest cities, up from 13 seven years ago. The boards save municipal dollars by providing complainants with an alternative to the courts. They can also help departments identify and weed out problem officers before they strike...
Some Israeli military planners contend that the Golan and West Bank have become more, not less, essential to security. Without early-warning devices there, they assert, warheads could hit Israel before the civilian population could be warned to head for shelter. Even so, some military men speculate that if Israel kept its early-warning devices and troops in numbers sufficient to thwart a surprise Syrian attack, it could withdraw partially, keeping only a slice of territory running 15.5 miles east from the pre-1967 border...
Many troops will experience postwar blues. They will feel a need to repeatedly tell their war stories, describing the hardships they endured. Some will be tempted to go on spending -- and drinking -- binges. Military and civilian family experts caution that returning warriors may feel dissatisfied with home life. Many will be inattentive to or dismissive of family problems. "People who have been on the battlefront have very nearly faced death," says Falk. "Things that may be important to the family may seem trivial to them...
Such questions are moot, however, if the army decides to take matters into its own hands. The spate of presidential resignations last week left Yugoslavia in confusion over just what civilian authority ultimately commands the military. If the answer turns out to be Milosevic and the army leaders, the country could sink into an even grimmer cycle of violence...