Word: civilianized
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...They would be equipped with artillery and armored vehicles and would move quickly by helicopter to aid and protect peacekeepers in their humanitarian mission of distributing food and supplies. Discussions were held in Paris and London about changing the system under which military commanders must in practice obtain U.N. civilian approval to use force for anything beyond shooting back when under attack. On occasion it has been particularly frustrating to U.N. and NATO officers when they wanted to call in air strikes on the Bosnian Serbs and U.N. officials refused to go along. This time, French and British military leaders...
...UNPROFOR has always been permitted to use force in order to deliver aid, but it has never done so. The rapid-reaction force will technically have the same right, but it appears that the force will be treated in somewhat the same way that air strikes have been, and civilian U.N. agreement will in practice be necessary in order for it to act aggressively. Officials in several capitals began to see the decision to send reinforcements not as an indication of strength, but as a step toward eventual U.N. withdrawal from Bosnia...
That dream seemed in jeopardy after O'Grady finished high school and failed to gain admission to the Air Force Academy. Determined to fly fighter jets, he set out to nail down every civilian flight certification he could, a strategy that he hoped would enable him to enter the Air Force a notch above the rest. "He was one of the best I've ever had," says Mark Wellsandt, who helped give O'Grady his primary flight training at Fairchild Air Force Base in Spokane and eventually became good friends with the young pilot. "You'd demonstrate a maneuver...
What remains is the familiar grim stalemate at a higher level of tension. After the British and French plans take effect, U.N. forces will probably find themselves in armed camps, where they can protect themselves but not the civilian population outside. The Serbs show no sign of willingness to stop fighting and start talking. On the diplomatic track, the only effort under way is Washington's attempt to sweeten an offer Milosevic has rejected before. Even if he agrees to recognize Bosnia for now, he can always change his mind later and resume his quest for a Greater Serbia after...
Current budget-cutting proposals indicate spending on civilian basic research will be reduced from the current $73 billion to less than $60 billion a year...