Word: civilianizes
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...parked U.S. planes, pockmarked runways from Danang to Tan Son Nhut. It has also been used against most cities, striking dread into the South Vietnamese. They denounce it as a terror weapon because, like most rockets, it is not very accurate at long range and sometimes crashes into civilian areas instead of hitting nearby military targets...
...weeks ago the first truck convoy since Tet, bearing relief goods for Hué, moved up the vital Highway 1 from Danang to the stricken city. In the face of the massive Communist threat throughout the corps, little else but mobile defense is being undertaken. Some 2,000 civilian volunteers are being armed in Hué, Danang, Quang Tri City and other cities as "people's self-defense forces...
...civilian dead in II Corps total 1,100, the wounded 4,000, the new refugees 103,000. Some 12,000 houses were destroyed and another 4,000 heavily damaged. The security of the corps' road network is about the same as pre-Tet, but that is not saying much; even then, an armed convoy was needed to traverse all major roads. Sixty of the 252 R.D. teams assigned to hamlets are still out of position, unable to go back because security cannot be guaranteed them. One area abandoned: the coastal strip just north of Qui Nhon...
...Deputy John P. Vann. "We're not sure what resulted from drawing in over 6,000 R.D. cadre and some of the regional and popular forces to province and district towns." But the estimates are that Communist real estate and population gains will be small in III Corps. Civilian casualties were also low: 188 dead, some 1,000 wounded or missing. But 10,000 houses were destroyed, and the area has 50,000 new refugees...
...Neither civilian rulers such as Indira Gandhi nor the generals who have taken over from the postcolonial politicians in many South Asian nations have had much success in changing these attitudes. The result is that the best-laid, often Western-tutored, economic plans consistently go awry. Whether military or civilian, nominally capitalist or self-styled socialist, "the various political systems in the region are strikingly similar in their inability or unwillingness to institute fundamental reforms and enforce social discipline. They are all in this sense 'soft states.' " And, adds Myrdal: "There is little hope in South Asia...