Word: civilians
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...something neither scientists nor government agencies have been prone to do in the past. That is why the recent interagency agreement that established the Arctic Science Submarine Program is truly unique and valuable. It sponsors a series of annual cruises to the Arctic Ocean under the sea ice for civilian science, exploiting the endurance and flexibility of a nuclear submarine. Each participating agency has something to gain. As budgets shrink, costs rise and the quest for knowledge continues, the only answer is to cooperate! GEORGE B. NEWTON, Member Arctic Research Commission Arlington, Virginia...
...were among the 992 African Americans who eventually passed through Tuskegee--only to discover that they were still second-class citizens in the eyes of the military. The Tuskegee units were continually passed over for combat assignments. According to Charles ("Chief") Anderson, who headed the group of African-American civilian flight instructors training the Tuskegee pilots, there were several suicides and daredevil fatalities among the intensely frustrated young flyers. Things began to change when First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt visited Tuskegee in 1941 and, against the advice of her staff, took a test flight with Anderson. It was a well-publicized...
...BACK TO CIVILIAN LIFE...
...main barriers for would-be pilots is economic. The average cost of acquiring the college degree and flying time necessary for a civilian pilot's license often surpasses $100,000. Loans and scholarships are not generally available for flying lessons, as they are for medical or legal training. For that reason, four-fifths of airline pilots are still hired from the military. "Anyone in a safety-related field wants to hire the best-qualified person available," says Judy Tarver, the former head of pilot hiring at American Airlines. "Military pilots are prescreened, extensively trained and have a proven career path...
Indeed, in some respects, infowar may only refine the way modern warfare has shifted toward civilian targets, from the firebombings of Dresden and Tokyo during World War II to the "ethnic cleansing" in Bosnia. Taking down a country's air-traffic control or phone systems might be done cleanly with computers-but it still represents an attack on civilians. Economic warfare can be as dire as other forms of war, as embargoes have shown. With its fancy technology, infowar may be able to avoid some of the battlefield's lethal, bloody and dirty traditions. But the words of William Tecumseh...