Word: civilization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Russian dissenters directed a courageous plea last week to the Moscow summit delegates. It was a petition seeking help in arresting the restalinization of the Soviet Union and restoring civil rights. Among the ten signers was former Major General Pyotr Grigorenko, arrested last month for anti-Soviet activities; Grigorenko's name was signed by his wife. Other signers included Pyotr Yakir, who has spent 17 years in a concentration camp, and whose father, a general, was executed during Stalin's purges of the Red army, and Leonid Petrovsky, whose grandfather was once chairman of the region...
...enacting what may be the most sweeping antiriot law in the country. The new law, which went into effeet last week, empowers state troopers, sheriffs or mayors to invoke riot-control procedures, bypassing the old requirement that a judge or justice of the peace must declare that a civil disturbance is a riot. Law officers can deem anyone a rioter who fails to obey a lawful order or provide requested assistance. The police are free to deputize onlookers, who will automatically be guiltless if any person present is subsequently killed or wounded, provided no malice or premeditation is involved...
...that a literacy test required for voting in Gaston County, N.C., discriminated against blacks because the county had denied them equal educational opportunities. The literacy test, which made ability to read and write segments of the Constitution a qualification for voting, was declared a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1965. Even if the county today offers a better education to young Negroes, the court decided, this "does nothing for their parents. 'Impartial' administration of the literacy test today would serve only to-perpetuate inequities...
...Negroes. By a 7-to-l vote, the court ruled in favor of two Little Rock Negroes-Rosalyn Kyles and Doris Daniel-who had been denied membership at Lake Nixon. The "club," decided the court, was really a "public accommodation" involved in interstate commerce and was forbidden by the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to discriminate against the women. In a lone dissent, Justice Black argued that Lake Nixon was in an isolated spot unlikely to attract any out-of-state travelers. But the majority pointed out that the owners advertised in periodicals that were available at tourist centers. Even...
...peers. In O'Callahan's case, Justice William Douglas wrote for the majority, "there was no connection-not even the remotest one -between his military duties and the crimes in question." Normally, the military prosecutes only about 15% of all cases against servicemen charged with serious civil offenses. The rest are handled in civilian courts. But Douglas suggested that it was high time for the military to divorce itself entirely from purely civilian problems...