Word: civilization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...course," he adds ruefully, "there was no TV. We got no radio coverage and no headlines at all." More discouraging than media coverage was the response of other blacks. "They did not have any interest in direct action, civil disobedience, and certainly not nonviolence. Not until 1956, with the Montgomery Bus Boycott, did nonviolence capture the imagination of the press and the world, thanks especially to Dr. King's charismatic leadership...
...when the civil rights movement went North, we lost a lot of our liberal friends. The money stopped coming in to the Movement. Stopped? Well, I should say, was greatly curtailed. Another cut in our funds came in 1964 after the civil rights bill had been passed. At that point, many people said 'Hallelujah! The ball game's over. The black man is equal. He can buy a hot dog at a lunch counter...
...Farmer's efforts in the last decade, racial tensions have increased. He is more skeptical now about some of the legislative advances made in civil rights. "The victories we won four or five years ago were victories in the South. They were also victories for the black middle class, and they are not the majority of blacks. The right to eat at a lunch counter means very little to someone living in Harlem. For him there has been no improvement in the last ten years. For him segregation has increased in schools and residential areas. He feels like...
Though he is to the left of the NAACP and others, Farmer regards the militants warily. He has watched them take over the civil rights movement (or at least the headlines), take over CORE, and more or less discard his philosophy of nonviolence. "There was so much repression, so much violence against us in the South that many young fellows became disgusted. For example, Stokely Carmichael was in jail with me and was a nonviolent them. A year later, there was Rap Brown--he was a nonviolent...
Basically, Innis is more prepared to cut all ties with whites than Farmer. Farmer began his civil rights work with whites, married a white woman, has influence with Congress and the Administration, and generally likes whites. The new popularity of black separatism has put him into a bind. He no longer thinks of integration as a feasible goal, but for personal and public reasons he would never accept segregation and repudiate the work of 26 years of his life...