Word: civilization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Founded in 1929 by the republic's second postrevolutionary President, Plutarco Elias Calles, and shaped by a leftist successor, Lázaro Cárdenas, the P.R.I, was designed to prevent political disagreements from bursting into violence by drawing organizations that represented workers, campesinos and civil servants into its leadership. This corporatist approach has enjoyed remarkable success at the polls: the P.R.I, has never lost a major election, or even been threatened by the country's feeble opposition parties. But the price of P.R.I, dominance has been high. Says a prominent Mexican lawyer: "Politics has been the restricted domain of the official...
...mockery of the party's claim to be revolutionary. In fact, the campaign is a sham: since the reign of Calles (1924-28) every P.R.I, nominee has been personally selected by his predecessor. The decision is made after secret consultations with a tiny clique of labor leaders, senior civil servants, big businessmen and state governors. In the end, it is the President alone who makes the choice...
While the West Bank mayors were lobbying for the Palestinian cause in Washington, the P.L.O. received a boost from U.S. Civil Rights Leader Jesse Jackson, off and running on a self-styled Middle East peace mission. Sparks flew from the moment Jackson arrived in Jerusalem, where Premier Menachem Begin snubbed the black activist because of his sympathy for the P.L.O. Said Jackson: "Mr. Begin's refusal to meet me represents a rejection of blacks in America, their support and their money...
Paul Halvonik, who had a respected record as an American Civil Liberties Union counsel before his judicial appointment, is a longtime friend and former aide to Governor Edmund G. Brown Jr., who named him to the bench in 1978. Previously he had been California's first state public defender and a state deputy attorney general. Fellow jurists who know his work have nothing but praise for him. Says San Francisco County Superior Court Judge Harry W. Low, until recently president of the California Judges' Association: "He's got an excellent legal mind and a good sense...
Revisionist history has painted a picture of a peaceful, neutral Cambodia wantonly assaulted by American forces and plunged into a civil war that could have been avoided but for the American obsession with military solutions. The facts are different. By April 21 we had a stark choice. We could permit North Viet Nam to overrun the whole of Cambodia. Or we could resist Cambodia's absorption, supporting the independence of a government recognized by the United Nations and most other nations, including the Soviet Union...