Word: civilization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...they repeat the lie enough times, it will turn into truth. More chilling still, Chinese citizens outside the capital, with little access to independent information, seemed to accept the government's sanitized version of events. Perhaps they are relieved to be no longer teetering on the brink of civil war. Perhaps they find a military occupation, 1,000 arrests and a revision of history a small price to pay for restoration of order. Perhaps, suggests a university professor in Shanghai, "the truth is too painful to accept...
...during his two terms in the White House, Reagan was able to appoint 346 federal judges -- more than any other President in American history. "It is one of his most enduring legacies, and one of his most significant," says William Bradford Reynolds, the controversial former Assistant Attorney General for civil rights in the Reagan Administration...
Last week, in two major civil rights decisions, the Supreme Court demonstrated its rightward drift. In an anxiously watched North Carolina case, the high bench unanimously reaffirmed a 13-year-old precedent prohibiting racial discrimination in making and enforcing private contracts. But by a vote of 5 to 4 -- with all Reagan appointees in the majority -- the Justices refused to extend the ruling to cover racial harassment in the workplace. Just three days earlier, in a case involving Birmingham fire fighters, the same five significantly lowered the barriers protecting court-approved affirmative- action programs from challenges by white workers...
...rightward shift on civil rights began to quicken in January, when the Justices ruled 6 to 3 that affirmative-action programs may be approved only after the strictest judicial scrutiny. The pattern became clearer two weeks ago when, by the now familiar 5-to-4 vote, the court gave large companies accused of discrimination a crucial procedural win. The Justices held that, contrary to previous doctrine, it is employees who must prove that imbalances in the racial makeup of their employer's work force result from practices that have no valid business justification. That ruling provoked a biting dissent from...
...right has been accelerated by the arrival of Justice Kennedy, the latest Reagan addition to the court, who is serving his first full term. Kennedy replaced Lewis Powell, a moderate conservative on race questions, after the collapse of the nominations of Robert Bork and Douglas Ginsburg. "The civil rights community mounted this great offensive against Robert Bork," says Walter Burns of the conservative American Enterprise Institute. "Now they're getting what they feared, without him on the court...