Word: civilizations
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...forced Tacho to ransom them back for $500,000 in cash and the release of 59 political prisoners. Next, the well-armed Marxist guerrillas staged a pitched battle against Somoza's National Guard in the coffee and cattle town of Matagalpa. Finally the Sandinistas raised the stakes to civil war by launching coordinated attacks against guard posts in widely scattered cities and towns: in the capital itself, Managua; in Masaya, 20 miles southeast of the capital; in the pleasant coffee town of Diriamba, 28 miles south; in León, Nicaragua's second largest city; in Chinandega...
...civil war. Somoza has to go." The teen-age girl shouting anti-government slogans in the battered town of Masaya last week hardly looked like a revolutionary. But, as upon countless others, revolution had been thrust upon her. An overwhelming number of Nicaragua's 2.6 million people had come face to face with something most of them had long anticipated and feared-civil...
Ironically, the civil war erupted just as the country prepared for Independence Day, the annual celebration on Sept. 15 of the break by Nicaragua and other Central American states from Spanish rule in 1821. Somoza, directing the war from a windowless bunker at National Guard headquarters overlooking Managua, marked the day with a champagne reception that U.S. Ambassador Mauricio Solaun declined to attend. The Sandinistas promptly labeled this year's observance Second Independence Day. But neither side could really celebrate a victory in one of the most savage and confusing wars that Central America has ever seen. Each side...
...meeting of Castro with the Patriotic Front leaders was the latest in a series of disturbing developments in the Rhodesian debacle. Two weeks ago there was the shooting down by Nkomo's guerrillas of a Rhodesian civil airliner with a Soviet-supplied ground-to-air missile. Anger and revulsion swept the white community, and this time Prime Minister Ian Smith was included as a target of white criticism, because he had secretly conferred with Nkomo in Zambia in mid-August...
...countries as diverse as Iran, Nicaragua and Rhodesia, the first response of the three beleaguered governments to civil emergencies this month was to impose martial law. In Rhodesia this meant little, since the country had been under military control since the guerrilla war began six years ago. In Iran the Shah's declaration brought a clampdown on civil liberties and empowered the army to arrest without charges and to invade homes without warrants. In Nicaragua martial law merely underscored Anastasio Somoza's desperate situation. Said a Managua businessman: "Martial law here is simply a license to kill...