Word: civilizations
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...that required full-time, much less lifelong, service. Lawmakers usually pitched in for a few years upholstering the work of the framers, then went back to their plantations or law practices. This model of the citizen-legislator held for about 100 years, until government began to expand after the Civil War and the realignments of the 1890s made for safer seats where lawmakers could tuck in for a long ride...
...commanders in Afghanistan say they need at least three additional brigades. I will ensure they get the troops they need by asking NATO to send more and sending U.S. troops as they become available. But more than troops, we need a unified command and a nationwide civil-military campaign plan that is focused on providing security for the population. A successful counterinsurgency requires that we use all the instruments of our national power and that military and civilian leaders work together, at all levels, under a joint plan. Too often in Afghanistan, this is not happening. We need an Afghanistan...
...evidence that another zealously guarded set of beliefs also holds sway. The principle of state secularism was introduced in the 1920s by modern Turkey's founder, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, to purge the country of what he considered backward influences. But for leading members of the military, judiciary and civil service, Ataturk's dictates became a license to wage war on political Islam. They did so through coups in 1960 and 1971, the "soft coup" of 1997, and several bans on political parties. In the last decade, such interventions seemed unlikely as Turkey integrated with global markets and grew more prosperous...
Secularists like Ozkan are convinced the AKP wants to Islamicize Turkish society over time. Since the AKP came to power, its critics contend, senior civil servants have begun demanding that those seeking high-level positions have Muslim credentials. Many Turks report an increase in mahalle (neighborhood) pressure to adhere to conservative norms. Newspaper ads are being Photoshopped to lengthen sleeves and skirts. Rowers on a university team were recently beaten up by unidentified assailants for wearing shorts. Meanwhile, Erdogan has called on women to have at least three children, and his cabinet includes just one woman. Under...
Those years of repression, civil war and famine have blighted the world's image of Ethiopia and the musical life of Addis today is mired, according to Falceto, in poor imitations of Michael Jackson and Madonna. "They are very ambivalent to their own musical roots even now," he says, "it seems like it belongs to the past backwardness." His Ethiopiques project has been slowly building a following among western audiences. So far there have been 23 CDs as well as an award-winning Very Best of ... album while Jim Jarmusch used a couple of Mulatu Astatqé songs to great...