Word: civilizations
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...country's rulers stole $400 billion in oil revenues - equal to all the foreign aid to Africa during the same period. And while a small élite became rich, its members fought one another for the spoils. In 47 years, Nigeria has suffered a civil war that killed a million people, 30 years of military rule and six coups. Meanwhile, two-thirds of the country's 135 million people remain in poverty, a third are illiterate and 40% have no safe water supply. Then there is the environmental cost: more than 1.5 million tons of oil have been spilled over...
After her son James was killed by Klansmen in Mississippi during the "Freedom Summer" of 1964, Fannie Lee Chaney moved out of the state to escape death threats. The murders of Chaney and two fellow civil rights workers inspired the movie Mississippi Burning --but led to no state murder indictments until 2005, when Fannie Lee's testimony helped convict and imprison Klan leader Edgar Ray Killen. Following a funeral service at the chapel that memorialized her son, Fannie Lee was buried next to James' grave in Meridian, Miss. She was 84. Since 1964, when Alvin--the deep-diving submarine that...
...came from a family of political bigwigs, so it was no surprise that Democrat Parren Mitchell became Maryland's first black U.S. Congressman. Among the experiences that helped prepare him for his eight terms in Washington, where he championed civil rights and was a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus: successfully suing then segregated University of Maryland for admission to graduate school...
Omar's childhood coincided with the rise of the Palestinian resistance. After the Six-Day War, the Palestinians lost faith in the ability of other Arab states to seize back the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip. Instead, they pinned their hopes on an Egyptian-educated former civil engineer, Yasser Arafat, whose Fatah organization began carrying out raids inside the conquered territories and later committed atrocious acts of terrorism. Like other boys in the camp, Omar would listen to TV news from Jordan and Syria about their heroes--Arafat and his Palestinian fighters. They dreamed that one day Arafat would...
...1850s, an anti-immigrant political movement, the Know-Nothings (so-called because their organization was secret), seemed poised for national success. Abraham Lincoln disdained them: "How can any one who abhors the oppression of Negroes be in favor of degrading classes of white people?" The onset of the Civil War threw the Know-Nothings into the shade; the U.S. had enough homegrown trouble without worrying about immigrants...