Word: civilizations
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Johnson’s current project is a forthcoming book about the history of the Mississippi Valley between the Louisiana Purchase and the Civil War. The work traces the spread of slavery through the Mississippi delta, Gordon added...
...Hariri International Airport, produces the desired results, and leads Hizballah to free the two Israeli soldiers. But there is a real risk that the move may have the same unintended consequence of the raid 38 years ago: pushing Lebanon further into a spiral of internal strife and even a civil war that embroils the entire Middle East...
...Lebanon is a society fragmented along religious and political lines and ruled by a weak central government that is reluctant, if not powerless, to police semi-autonomous, armed factions like Hizballah that are backed by foreign powers. In 1975, civil war erupted between pro-Palestinian Lebanese factions and mainly Christian groups that could no longer tolerate the Palestine Liberation Organization operating in their country. More than 100,000 Lebanese died before the civil war officially ended...
...forces in 2000 and of Syrian troops last year, Lebanon is divided between Hizballah and its allies on one hand, and an alliance of Christians and non-Shi'ite Muslims that wants Hizballah disarmed on the other. Lebanese have tried hard to escape the ghosts and hardship of the civil war years, and the reconstruction led by the late Prime Minister Rafic Hariri has reinvigorated the tourist industry. Hizballah's move and Israel's response to it, however, is likely to send thousands of foreign visitors - and their much-needed money - fleeing the country, and could even spark a return...
...Iraq, the fall of one of the Arab world's most formidable regimes has left religious and ethnic factions scrambling for power in a near civil war that seems to get bloodier by the day. Iran has been intent on filling the regional power vacuum left by the toppling of Saddam. Besides continuing to back Hizballah, which it actually created in 1982 after Israeli forces launched a wide-scale invasion of Lebanon to destroy the PLO, Iran has been extending its influence inside Iraq and could end up the dominant foreign influence there when the U.S. ultimately withdraws. So confident...