Word: civillized
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Dates: during 1890-1899
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...Hale first gave numerous examples of the respective powers of the ecclesiastic and civil courts in deciding upon the guilt of accused members of religious bodies. He said that civil authority had enacted special commandments in relation to the holding of property for the support of some divine creed and that in all cases where appeal was made to the civil court, the civil court never held the previous decisions of the ecclesiastical court to be valid, as these bodies had organized themselves, and whatever power they exercised came only from themselves and could have no legal force...
...cases where the civil courts decide that a clergyman is not guilty of some offence charged by his people, the ecclesiastical court is in no way bound to accept this decision but may turn the accused out, if they consider him guilty. But the civil court insists that in all trials before ecclesiastical bodies the accused shall receive all the rights which he is allowed before a civil court...
...members of the executive committee of the Civil Service Reform Club met last night in the rooms of the secretary...
...constitution and minutes of the last meeting were read, after which committees were named to canvass the college and also the faculty, for members. Three men were then appointed to organize the nucleus of a library to be devoted entirely to articles on Civil Service Reform. Members were also chosen who should be empowered to invite prominent men to address the club...
...however, the relation of religion to civil authority is precisely opposite. As laymen could pretend to no authority over members of the clergy, so now the church holds no power over the civillaw. The church is, in a sense, "established." It is recognized and protected by the law. The constitution of our country makes no requirement of religious belief to make a person eligible for office. Moreover, it forbids the passage of any laws for the benefit of any sect. All beliefs are tolerated, and the law that offers them its protection is independent of them, just as the church...