Word: clampdowns
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Over the years, California has given the rest of the country everything from health food to a taxpayers' revolt. Now it has bequeathed another far-reaching legacy to its sister states: a clampdown on auto-emission standards that could help transform the American car and the fuel that makes it run. To the discomfort of U.S. automakers, a House Energy and Commerce subcommittee voted unanimously last week to adopt California's strict limits for the 1990s as the law of the land. The measure, which seemed certain to win House approval, would cut existing levels of tail-pipe pollutants...
...clampdown could create conflict between automakers and the oil industry, as each side seeks to pass responsibility for meeting the standards on to the other. "The carmakers want to say 'reformulate the gasoline,' " says William Randol, an oil-industry analyst for First Boston. "But who will make the investment to do this?" He noted that Shell Oil has estimated that it would cost billions of dollars to develop new clean-burning gasolines...
...Dongeui University incident may give new thrust to conservative demands for a clampdown on antigovernment activities. At the least, the deaths have forced Koreans to re-examine how their budding democracy is faring. In a rare front-page editorial, the moderate daily newspaper Chosun Ilbo exhorted, "We can no longer let things go this way. The current disorder in society seems to be accelerating a doomsday for the nation...
...artists were sitting around Moscow debating this question, one of them asked what it would take for the hard- liners to reverse glasnost. "All they'd have to do is fire about six editors," someone replied. "I think one would do it," said another. But even though such a clampdown could occur, it could not erase the ideas or the taste for open discussion that has been liberated. Says Sergei Zalygin, editor of the crusading literary monthly Novy Mir: "How it will end we do not know, but there is no turning back...
...final warning of a government clampdown came last month from Home Affairs Minister Stoffel Botha. It meant that the regime could close the Weekly Mail at any moment. Last week Botha did just that, barring publication of the small (circ. 25,000), liberal, antiapartheid tabloid for four weeks. In a statement released in Pretoria, Botha accused the Mail of "causing a threat to the safety of the public or to the maintenance of public order...