Word: clausewitz
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With lucidity and quiet understatement, the distinguished French pundit sifts the various theories of nuclear deterrence-U.S., Soviet, European-that have transformed the nature of war and diplomacy. In the past, Aron points out, war was simply the last stage of strategy, Clausewitz' "extension of politics." Now, as in the 1962 Cuban confrontation, the great powers are committed to a war of bluff in which strategists insist that the bluff must never be called or war declared. "For the first time in history," writes Aron, "entire weapons systems, developed at the cost of billions of dollars, are retired...
...that is about the only way he ever plunges. Working from a base that includes California's $400 million Hunt Foods & Industries and heavy investments in salad oil, matches, paint and publishing (McCall's), Simon plans his moves with the care and strategy of a Clausewitz. West Virginia's Wheeling Steel (1963 sales: $236 million) was surprised to find a few years back that Simon had quietly become one of its biggest stockholders, controlling 145,000 shares. Last week Norton Simon was elected Wheeling's chairman, replacing William A. Steele, who resigned a few weeks...
Lenin owes nearly as much to Machiavelli and Von Clausewitz as to Marx. He passionately believed in Marxism-but he also believed in using any means to help it win. Thus what he did is at least as important as what he said. In the last analysis, Leninism is Lenin's life. He remains pertinent not only because his successors keep invoking him, but because he epitomizes in his career so much of later Communist history and so much of what is unchanging in Communism's nature...
...hear some people tell it, a modern U.S. military man should study Kafka as well as Clausewitz, since the terrain he must now operate in is more like Kafka's maze than Clausewitz's certainties. In a day of allies, proxy battles and limited wars, the military needs a whole new technical arsenal-politics, diplomacy, science, economics-to enable it to employ precise degrees of power in imprecise situations. All this asks of U.S. officers unprecedented competence, character and wisdom...
Computers v. Clausewitz. This unusual new breed of analysts and planners, more learned in computers than in Clausewitz, is dedicated to the belief that the demands of defense in the thermonuclear age have outdated the methods as well as the armor that served in past wars. Says Dr. Alain C. Enthoven, 31, a key man in pulling together and evaluating military information: "There are many things that simply cannot be calculated-the reliability of an ally, or the psychological and political consequences of a military operation. But there are also many things that cannot be done intuitively or based entirely...