Word: clericalization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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When the original threat to kill Cicippio was made Monday, his captors demanded the release of a Shiite Moslem cleric Israeli commandos kidnapped July 28. The new terms include release of unspecified "Palestinian and Lebanese" guerrillas...
...group had threatened to kill Higgins, calling him a "proven spy," if Sheik Abdul Karim Obeid were not freed. The influential Moslem cleric was kidnapped in a raid by Israeli commandos Friday...
They said the execution was carried out in retaliation for Israel's kidnapping of a Moslem cleric last week...
Khomeini's ascent to power worked a remarkable change in a man who had once seemed a gentle, if extraordinarily zealous, cleric. During the upheaval that toppled the Shah, Khomeini urged his followers to remain nonviolent. In part, this was a shrewd wish to avoid harsh military reprisals, but his caution also reflected Khomeini's temperament at that time. Abolhassan Banisadr, whom Khomeini ousted as President in 1981, notes that in the final weeks of Khomeini's exile the Ayatullah "would not even kill a fly." Yet after Khomeini became Iran's ruler, he exhorted his countrymen to kill, burn...
Responsibility for the bombing remained uncertain. The Syrians, who control West Beirut, blamed Lebanon's Christians; the Christians accused the Syrians. But fittingly, the death of the peace-loving cleric inspired a rare display of unity: Christians and Muslims joined in a one-day nationwide strike to mourn his loss...