Word: cleveland
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Dandridge projected, and it seemed nicely suited to a Hollywood just then scouting for a dark face to introduce to audiences. But beneath this delicate elegance, Dorothy was a nest of insecurities. Born in 1922, she'd been drilled for stardom by her bisexual mother Ruby, who fled a Cleveland marriage for Hollywood with her two daughters and her domineering girlfriend in tow. Dottie and sister Vivian were onstage from childhood and in films from 1935. Did they want to be? Ruby never asked...
...driving force behind this fresh approach to urban government is a handful of "new pragmatist" mayors--Indianapolis' Goldsmith, Cleveland's Michael White, Philadelphia's Edward Rendell, Milwaukee's John Norquist, Chicago's Richard M. Daley and to some extent Los Angeles' Robert Riordan and New York City's Rudolph Giuliani--who actively collaborate and compare notes on how to make cities work. Goldsmith visits Giuliani every few months to talk shop; Rendell and Goldsmith bounce ideas off each other at frequent joint speaking appearances. And good practices, big or small, travel fast. "You learn a lot from each other," says...
...they have also developed a flexible, post-ideological approach to politics. Cities that once thrived on straight-ticket Democratic machine politics, where labor unions and social-welfare programs were considered untouchable, are led today by some of the nation's most nonpartisan and politically unpredictable politicians. On school vouchers Cleveland's White, an African-American Democrat, is sparring with his city's traditionally Democratic teachers' union and the N.A.A.C.P. Goldsmith alienated his party's establishment by firing patronage appointees who stood in the way of his efforts to privatize. Says New York's Giuliani, a Republican who broke with...
...cities have been more buffeted by economic forces than Cleveland, whose hard times once earned it the nickname "the Mistake by the Lake." Cleveland has lost more than 400,000 people, almost 45% of its population, since mid-century, and in 1978 it became the first major city to default on its debts since the Great Depression. Along the way, city government all but stopped providing basic services. Building on improvements made by his predecessors in city hall, White has helped reverse Cleveland's slide. The hard-driving mayor, who gets to city hall before 7:30 a.m. and sometimes...
...Cleveland's problems are not all behind it, but under White's administration, there is a clear sense that the city is on an upswing. Downtown boasts not only a new $72 million light rail line to move tourists along the lakeshore but also Gateway Complex, which features a new baseball stadium and a basketball arena that lured the Cleveland Cavaliers back from the suburbs. Most important, the city's long period of fiscal crisis has subsided. After a general fund deficit that grew to almost $7 million in 1990, the city has balanced its books and has accumulated...