Word: clevelands
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...riot that transfixed Cleveland last week was more ominous, in a sense, than any of the upheavals that have rent American cities in the hot summers of the '60s. In the stark statistics of death and destruction, it was less than cataclysmic. But all the other ghetto uprisings have been the result of chance or bad judgment, some random local incident or emotional shock, such as Martin Luther King's murder, that put the spark to the fuse. Cleveland's battle was planned...
...rapped out reports, igniting a full-scale riot. Looters and arsonists rampaged through a six-square-mile area, as well as in nearby Hough, which suffered a five-day riot in 1966. Mayor Carl Stokes, who as the Negro candidate for the office last year inspired the slogan "Cool Cleveland for Carl," hoped that he might again stave off trouble. He was reluctantly forced to call on Ohio Governor James Rhodes for help. Within twelve hours, 2,700 National Guardsmen were on the streets...
Tenuous order came with dawn, and Stokes, on the advice of black leaders, devised a bold gamble to pacify the troubled area the next night. All white law-enforcement officers, including the National Guardsmen, were withdrawn, and some 100 Negro policemen-nearly all Cleveland has-and 500 Negro civilians, mostly militants, were sent in. Stokes' bet paid off. Rioting stopped and no one was injured, though looting continued. Two nights after the flare-up, Stokes returned the Guard and an integrated police force. The Cleveland Insurance Board estimated damage from both fire and looting at a relatively...
...severely criticized by owners of looted stores for entrusting the ghetto to its own activists for 24 hours. But his decision may well have made the difference between confrontation and conflagration. On the other hand, Stokes might be faulted for not having taken more action to forestall trouble. Cleveland, fortuitously, had received solid warning from the FBI and its own intelligence sources that something was brewing. The only hitch was that the warning was for 8 o'clock Wednesday morning, half a day after the actual zero hour...
Jammed Carbine. For all the car nage and damage they caused, the Cleveland snipers gave every appearance of bizarre amateurism, brutally inspired. Proclaiming himself their leader, Fred ("Ahmed") Evans, 37, an astrologer, calmly surrendered in the midst of the battle and just as calmly informed cops that he would have knocked off more of them if his gun had not jammed. Police found the weapon, a .30-cal. carbine, in a bush where Evans said he had dropped it. Evans, who affects the loose African dashike robe, received a $7,350 grant this summer from "Cleveland: Now!", Stokes' action...