Word: cloninger
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Cloning is based on a remarkable fact. Virtually every cell in an organism -be the life form a human being, a maple tree or a bacterium-carries all the genetic information needed to create the whole organism. The reason that a liver cell is different from, say, a skin cell...
In the early 1960s, British Biologist John B. Gurdon took the technique a step further by replacing the nuclei of unfertilized eggs with the nuclei of cells that had differentiated into intestinal cells of young tadpoles. Some of the resulting cloned tadpoles matured into adult frogs. There have since been...
The Gurdon experiments still represent the high-water mark of traditional cloning technique. Researchers find that cloning mammals is a much more complicated affair. For one thing, mammalian eggs are one-tenth to one-twentieth the size of frog eggs and thus difficult to manipulate. And while tadpoles grow into...
Though cloning mammals by the classic method is a long way off, scientists are moving closer to cloning mice by an indirect route. In this technique, devised by Yale Biologist Clement Markert, eggs are removed from a female mouse shortly after fertilization. At this early stage, genetic material from egg...
This technique has enormous implications for both laboratory research and animal husbandry. A particular strain of mouse needed for experiments could be duplicated in great numbers, as could prize dairy cows, horses, sheep and pigs. But cloning human beings by the same procedure is another story. Homo sapiens is a...