Word: clouding
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...often, military outfits accompanied the peace commissions to the negotiations, and although some Indian tribes agreed to give up the Powder River country in exchange for ammunition, blankets and other supplies, Red Cloud withheld his endorsement...
...treaty commission, however, pretended that the agreement was in effect, and the U.S. cavalry built forts along the Powder River. Red Cloud, angered by the white man's presumptuousness, defended his territory from the bluecoated invaders, setting off a series of skirmishes that included some of the cavalry's worst defeats...
...Cloud's personal war in defense of the Powder River ended in 1868, when he signed the Laramie treaty on November 6. The treaty ended hostilities, but more importantly, it gave the Black Hills to the Indians permanently. The U.S. government was not being generous-it considered the Paha Sapa a worthless piece of land...
...treaty commission set up shop in 1875 on the White River-at a site that is now the border between Nebraska and South Dakota-not far from the agencies given to Red Cloud and Spotted Tail by treaty with the U.S. (Agencies were parts of a reservation assigned to an Indian chief and his tribe...
Under the 1868 treaty, the U.S. could not buy the Black Hills unless "three-fourths of all adult male Indians" agreed to a new treaty. When Red Cloud and Spotted Tail pointed this out, the treaty commissioners explained that this applied only to friendly Indians, not to non-reservation Indians like Sitting Bull, who was considered to be at war with the United States...