Word: clout
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...once dominant American oil companies are now being challenged on their home turf. For almost three decades after World War II, the great international oil companies based in the U.S. and Europe controlled the supply of the world economy's lifeblood. At the peak of their clout in the 1960s, the renowned Seven Sisters -- British Petroleum, Gulf, Esso (now Exxon), Mobil, Royal Dutch/Shell, Standard Oil of California (now Chevron) and Texaco -- ruled with unquestioned authority. They discovered crude oil in the Middle East and Asia, shipped it to the developed world in their own tankers, processed it in their...
...eight U.S. cities that were finally named as stopovers were chosen to serve various purposes. New York, Los Angeles and Washington were foregone conclusions -- three centers of money, clout and glitter that have sizable black communities. Boston was chosen because Senator Edward Kennedy had extended an invitation to Mandela while he was still in jail. Atlanta was included so that Mandela could visit the grave of King and honor the American civil rights movement. Detroit, Miami and Oakland offered opportunities to pay respects to the labor unions that have been staunch supporters of the antiapartheid movement...
...South Korean government. In fact, most immigrants acquire their shops largely with savings they brought from Korea. They enjoy the tradition of the keh, clubs to which they contribute and from which they can draw loans. In New York City the 2,500-member Korean Produce Association has the clout to buy good produce at favorable prices. But few greengrocers are truly prosperous. They put their entire families to work at low, if any, wages, toil incredibly long hours and still average between $17,000 and $35,000 in annual profits per family. Leaders in both communities have worked...
...would encounter huge political land mines. Harry Truman once tried to slash the Marines on the grounds that the Navy did not need its own army, but he was beaten by what he described as a Leatherneck "propaganda machine that is almost equal to Stalin's." Aside from the clout of ten Senators and 21 Representatives in the current Congress who served in the Marines, the corps exudes such a mystical aura that it is unassailable...
Finally, activists say major universities have tremendous political clout, on both the state and national level, making their actions unlikely to be ignored by elected representatives...