Word: co2
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...alongside several other countries’ efforts to reduce carbon emissions, Shell set a target for reducing their own CO2 emissions by five percent from their 1990 levels by 2010. As of 2009, Shell Oil has reduced its total emissions by 35 percent, according to Odum...
...Bard Center for Environmental Policy. The high price reflects anticipated losses in agriculture and real estate plus the cost of disease outbreaks and natural disasters associated with rising sea levels. The melt, he says, is already adding extra heat at an annual rate of 3 billion tons of CO2 - the equivalent of 500 coal-powered plants, or more than 40% of all U.S. fossil fuel emissions - and this is expected to more than double by the end of the century. (See the top 10 green ideas...
...course, grappling with something as vastly complex as climate science involves plenty of uncertainties: What threshold represents a tipping point, after which changes accelerate? What are the chances of some unforeseen catastrophic event? What measures might come into play that limit CO2 emissions and thus mitigate climate change? And how do you precisely gauge the economic impact - particularly when dealing with the future...
...follow, the Social Cost of Carbon (SCC) is currently under discussion by the EPA and other regulatory agencies. The figure they choose has huge implications for our ability to make inroads against climate change. The Social Cost of Carbon represents the estimate of damages from one more ton of CO2 added to the atmosphere. (One ton of CO2 is what the average family car emits every two-and-a-half months.) The SCC is important because a low number suggests minimal regulation is needed, whereas a high number urges more stringent action (such as efficiency requirements, carbon taxes or alternative...
...idea is that if we have a number, we can compare the costs and benefits of efforts to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere," says Frank Ackerman, PhD, an economist specializing in climate change at the Stockholm Environment Institute's center at Tufts University. "If, say, we value CO2 damages at $20 a ton, then $15 per ton is considered an acceptable cost to ameliorate it. If the SCC is $2, spending $15 seems out of line." The other key statistical variable is the "discount rate," which establishes how to account for future costs and benefits in today's currency...