Word: co2
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...environment. Sure, today's aircraft are some 70% more fuel efficient than planes operating in 1970. But passenger numbers are soaring: the industry[an error occurred while processing this directive] expects to fly 2.2 billion this year, 10% more than in 2005. The result? Aviation's share of global CO2 emissions, now around 2%, is expected to hit 3% by 2050. Problem is, flying is often the only way to go. Four-fifths of airline-related emissions come from journeys over 1,500 km, for which there's no real alternative (Moscow to Beijing by bus, anyone?). But if flying...
...other hand, the state's Chamber of Commerce warned that the law would drive up the cost of electricity, encouraging factories to move outside the state. And the most vociferous opponents, oil and natural gas refineries, say there is no mechanism that allows them to "scrub" CO2 emissions. "We don't have any idea what costs will be involved because we don't know what the technology will be," says Tupper Hull of the Western States Petroleum Association. The emissions caps would require a 17 percent reduction in the state's refining capacity, he says, "a catastrophic loss of fuel...
...state?s global warming strategy is to succeed, however, it must also fend off an auto industry lawsuit to invalidate its landmark 2002 law requiring carmakers to reduce tailpipe emissions of greenhouse gas and cut CO2 emissions for new vehicles by about 30 percent. And if that law were to be invalidated, California officials will face yet a new challenge: finding other ways to ratchet back emissions to meet the new overall limits it has just enacted...
...their own, however, these technologies aren't enough to decrease overall emissions because the world's coal-burn rate is rising so quickly. For overall emissions to fall, plants also need carbon capture and storage ( ccs) technologies that shunt the compressed CO2 deep into the ground, perhaps into depleted oil and gas reserves, or into saline aquifers beneath the ocean floor. Sequestration technology works - oil companies have been using it for years - but so far it hasn't been used in conjunction with a power plant. The promise of ccs coal plants has won the approval of some environmental groups...
...most energy-efficient materials for transportation and building. Substituting 1 ton of aluminum for 2 1/2 tons of steel saves 20 tons of CO2 over the life of the vehicle...