Word: coal
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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George Marshall also began as a private (in 1902). But he had graduated from Virginia Military Institute, which in the Army is next best to West Point (or birth into an Army family). His great-great-grand-uncle was interested in coal and coke mines near Uniontown, Pa., where George Marshall was born on the last day of 1880; his great-great-grand uncle was John Marshall, greatest U. S. Chief Justice. Soldier Marshall was a mere first lieutenant in 1916. During the World War he got a temporary colonelcy, a chance to demonstrate his brilliance at staff direction, finally...
...social structure. Many of the "radical" measures of the Communist Manifesto of 1848 have become part of our lives after separation from their "ism" tag. Public regulation of schools, recreational centers, agriculture or business, once considered "dangerous," is now an accepted government function, and public ownership of railroads and coal mines, which was downright mutiny in 1890, has gradually come into popular favor. Hays predicts that "more and more the income of the citizen will be taken by the state and used for social purposes...
Meanwhile coal reserves diminished to a point where industry would begin to feel a real shortage within a fortnight. Railroads in mining areas, deprived of their biggest traffic, laid off men by thousands. Big B. & 0., in worse plight for its own coal supplies than most, began to "confiscate" (and of course pay for) coal consigned to other users over its lines. Pennsylvania's Legislature at Harrisburg formally begged the negotiators to come to terms. Here and there union pickets dumped coal trucked from non-union mines, and police began to worry that prolonged abstention might turn into...
...Soft-coal operators under contract to John Lewis "check off" the dues of his members from their payrolls, but do not require all their workers to belong to his union...
...last week a coal crisis existed only in headlines. When 340,000 Appalachian miners first "abstained from work" April 2, big stocks were above ground; 28% of the U. S. soft-coal industry was still free to operate. But last week John Lewis ordered a shutdown May 4 in fields outside the Appalachians, unless the Appalachian operators capitulate. He likewise threatened to close down what is left of Pennsylvania's sick hard-coal industry, unless its operators quickly came to terms in separate negotiations...