Word: coal
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Debate about 14(b) has raged ever since it became law in 1947. Prior to that year, a wave of major strikes, called by labor to catch up with the rest of the economy after four years of wartime wage controls, had crippled such vital U.S. industries as steel, coal and autos. Over President Harry Truman's veto, a Republican Congress passed the Taft-Hartley Act, which not only permits 80-day injunctions against strikes that threaten the national welfare, but expressly declares that states can pass their own laws prohibiting "membership in a labor organization as a condition...
...encountering the kind of optimum demand that tempts them to hike prices. With unemployment down to an eight-year low of 4.5%, labor shortages were showing up in more and more key areas, and workers felt that they could demand plumper pay. Strikes broke out in several industries from coal mining to cookie making...
...organizing insurance company employees, the union paper struck a note of comic despair: "Can you imagine the national reaction to a strike of insurance salesmen?" Some labor leaders expect to develop new forms of cooperation with management, such as the industry-wide boards that already function in steel and coal...
...clear away the debris, rebuild the fleet, deepen the rivers and improve the country's 65 inland ports. Reason for continued reliance on the Continent's oldest form of transportation: it is still the cheapest way to ship bulk freight. To move a metric ton of coal from Duisburg to Mannheim, for example, costs $1.87 by water, $4.87 by rail...
...Salaam. The railway would cost a staggering $200 million or so, but Nyerere seems as interested in pushing it through as is Kaunda. It would turn Dar es Salaam into East Africa's busiest port, open up a massive, uninhabited southern region that is known to contain valuable coal deposits. Besides, Nyerere would like to break his own dependence on the East African Common Market, now dominated by Kenya and Uganda. "We want to build this railway line," said Kaunda. "We do not only want to build it, we have decided to build...