Word: coal
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...ever gets serious, Lyndon Johnson's war on poverty might be waged all around Hazleton, Pa. (pop. 32,500), which is perched amid deserted coal mines high on Spring Mountain in the heart of depressed and desolate Appalachia. But Hazleton has already fought a valiant anti-poverty war of its own. Moreover, it has done so with a minimum of federal help...
...years, the town lived respectably if not richly from coal mines and textile plants in the area. But after World War II, Hazleton found itself on the skids. One after another, the mines shut down. Between 1946 and 1958, coalmine employment plunged from 14,000 to 1,750; young people began leaving town at the rate of a thousand a year. In Hazleton it became the rule rather than the exception for wives to plod off to work at sewing machines in the textile and garment plants while listless, jobless husbands stayed home to keep house...
...Hurricane Diane crashed through-flooding and wrecking the few coal mines that remained. It was almost the death blow. Most of the mines never reopened, and 16% of Hazleton's working force was unemployed. But the next year proved to be Hazleton's turning point-for the better...
...Moselle River Waterway. After six years of work and an investment of nearly $200 million, the Moselle has been widened and provided with locks, thus making the river navigable for big barges and giving the steel mills of Lorraine an easy link to the Ruhr Valley's coal...
...greater power in planning and implementing the anti-poverty program, greater curbs on the role of federal authority, annual appropriations for funds to be made by the Congress instead of "backdoor" financing, and more specific remedies to clear up the hazards of health and economy of Appalachia's coal regions...