Word: coal
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...contract was the best deal at that moment, but it is united in its detestation for Taft-Hartley and its respect for a union picket line. Oceana's miners expect to find roving pickets from other parts of the district along the road to the Eastern Associated Coal Corp. mine in nearby Kopperston-and unless police keep the pickets clear of the mine at all times, they will not work. If there is violence, the Oceana miners say, it will come from outsiders; they will not turn against each other...
...such relative calm? For one thing, Oceana's rough reputation has always been a bit overblown. The bars are gone now, and the town's businesses consist mainly of a coal company store, a bank, two coin laundries, an AMC-Jeep dealership, Wanda's Beauty Shop, Roberts Motel and a Montgomery Ward catalogue office. "We have no bars, no parking meters and no coloreds," says Frank Laxton Jr., a used-car dealer and Oceana's mayor...
During World War II, most of the country's unions agreed to an unofficial ban on strikes, but after V-J day a series of walkouts shook the coal, steel and railroad industries. Antilabor feeling helped elect a Republican Congress. In 1947 Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft and New Jersey Representative Fred A. Hartley Jr., both conservative Republicans, sponsored bills to amend drastically the Wagner Act of 1935, at that time the basic federal labor-relations law. While the Wagner Act had enumerated unfair labor practices by employers, the new bills were intended to do the same...
When President Carter put his comprehensive energy program before Congress last year, he envisioned a major shift from scarce natural gas and uncertain foreign oil to plentiful domestic coal. Coal use was to nearly double by 1985, to 1.2 billion tons a year. The Administration urged tax incentives for the conversion of industrial plants to coal, and it required that coal be used in many new factories and utilities...
Even before the strike, Carter's plan confronted some serious obstacles, notably the enforcement of clean-air standards. To that problem must now be added the question of reliable supplies and stable prices for the coal that the Carter policy recommends. During the strike so far, with overall coal production cut by about half, affected utilities have kept operating partly by burning an extra...